1.When religion and morality are considered,

A. the moral instructions of the world’s great religions are often general and imprecise.

B. most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to.

C. atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people.

D. in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.

Answer: in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions.

2. Accepting a moral principle

A. is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis.

B. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake.

C. means you will never go against that principle.

D. is a religiously based act of faith.

Answer:generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake

3. Good moral judgments should be logical and

A. justified by fallacies.

B. proven beyond reasonable doubt.

C. based on facts and acceptable moral principles.

D. coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.

Answer based on facts and acceptable moral principles.

4. The divine command theory implies that

A. God commands us to do whatever our reason tells us is right.

B. God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.

C. God leaves right and wrong up to us.

D. stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

Answer God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong.

5. Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests?

A. Statutes are laws applied in the English-speaking world before there were any common laws.

B. Philosophers agree that morality is based on the commands of God.

C. “Groupthink” is a positive and necessary characteristic of all groups.

D. Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.

Answer Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together.

6. Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves

A. the revision and modification of arguments.

B. proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

C. circular reasoning.

D. determining what the majority thinks.

Answer:the revision and modification of arguments.

7. Ethical relativism supports the theory that

A. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

B. there are no moral values whatsoever.

C. morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being.

D. different societies have different ideas about right and wrong.

Answer:A. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

8. Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette:

A. the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality

B. conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct

C. etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy

D. the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law

Answer: etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy

9. The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts

A. constitute the whole of his or her morality.

B. can be distinguished from the person’s morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.

C. rarely guide his or her conduct in practice.

D. are always attained from his or her religion.

Answer:can be distinguished from the person’s morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.

10. What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with?

A. As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral.

B. If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral.

C. Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

D. If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be moral.

Answer:C. Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare.

11. Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards?

A. moral standards are purely optional

B. moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest

C. moral standards cannot be justified by reasons

D. moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body

Answer:moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest

12. The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show

A. the truth of utilitarianism.

B. the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated.

C. business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization.

D. even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

Answer:even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

13. Which of the following is an accurate statement?

A. There is a complete list of adequacy criteria for moral judgments that philosophers all agree on.

B. Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.

C. Professional codes of ethics provide a complete and reliable guide to one’s moral obligations.

D. People who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those whose desires extend beyond themselves.

Answer: Professional codes are the rules that are supposed to govern the conduct of members of a given profession.

14. A proper perspective of religion and morality is

A. only religion can tell us what is right and wrong

B. it’s not true that morality must be based on religion

C. religion never influences people’s moral beliefs

D. without religion, people wouldn’t have a reason to act morally

Answer:it’s not true that morality must be based on religion

15. How did Aristotle view morality?

A. It’s necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings.

B. Moral judgments are true because God commands them of us.

C. Moral judgments are determined differently by each culture.

D. It’s never right to help ourselves when we can help other people instead.

Answer:It’s necessary for us to try to be virtuous or excellent human beings.

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