Generative AI English Certification Exam 1

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1. The life spans of rockfish vary greatly by species. For instance, the colorful calico rockfish (Sebastes dalli) can survive for a little over a _______ the rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) boasts a maximum life span of about two centuries.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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A. decade: while

B. decade. While

C. decade; while

D. decade, while

Answer; D. decade, while

So, the complete sentence will be: “The life spans of rockfish vary greatly by species. For instance, the colorful calico rockfish (Sebastes dalli) can survive for a little over a decade, while the rougheye rockfish (Sebastes aleutianus) boasts a maximum life span of about two centuries.”

2. After the United Kingdom began rolling out taxes equivalent to a few cents on single-use plastic grocery bags in 2011, plastic-bag consumption decreased by up to ninety _______ taxes are subject to what economists call the “rebound effect”: as the change became normalized, plastic-bag use started to creep back up.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. percent, such

B. percent and such

C. percent. Such

D. percent such

Answer; C. percent. Such

So, the complete sentence will be: “After the United Kingdom began rolling out taxes equivalent to a few cents on single-use plastic grocery bags in 2011, plastic-bag consumption decreased by up to ninety percent. Such taxes are subject to what economists call the ‘rebound effect’: as the change became normalized, plastic-bag use started to creep back up.”

3. Circadian rhythms, which are controlled by the bodies biological clock, influence body temperature, hormone release, cycles of sleep and wakefulness, and other bodily functions.

Choose the answer to replace the underlined section that most effectively improves the quality of writing.

A. NO CHANGE

B. bodies’ biological clock

C. body’s biological clock

D. bodys biological clock

Answer; C. body’s biological clock

So, the revised sentence would be: “Circadian rhythms, which are controlled by the body’s biological clock influence body temperature, hormone release, cycles of sleep and wakefulness, and other bodily functions.”

4. Studies have shown that employees are happier, healthier, and more productive when they work in a temperature-controlled environment. Choose the answer to replace the underlined section that most effectively improves the quality of writing.

A. NO CHANGE

B. healthy, and more

C. healthier, and they are more

D. healthier, being more

Answer; C. healthier, and they are more

So, the revised sentence would be: “Studies have shown that employees are happier, healthier, and they are more productive when they work in a temperature-controlled environment.”

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5. The Progressive Era in the United States witnessed the rise of numerous Black women’s clubs, local organizations that advocated for racial and gender equality. Among the clubs’ leaders ______ Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, founder of the Women’s Era Club of Boston.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. was

B. were

C. are

D. have been

Answer; B. were

So, the complete sentence would be: “The Progressive Era in the United States witnessed the rise of numerous Black women’s clubs, local organizations that advocated for racial and gender equality. Among the clubs’ leaders were Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, founder of the Women’s Era Club of Boston.”

6. Archaeologist Sue Brunning explains why the seventh-century ship burial site at Sutton Hoo in England was likely the tomb of a king. First, the gold artifacts inside the ship suggest that the person buried with them was a wealthy and respected leader. ________ the massive effort required to bury the ship would likely only have been undertaken for a king.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Instead,

B. Still,

C. Specifically,

D. Second,

Answer; D. Second,

So, the complete text would be: “Archaeologist Sue Brunning explains why the seventh-century ship burial site at Sutton Hoo in England was likely the tomb of a king. First, the gold artifacts inside the ship suggest that the person buried with them was a wealthy and respected leader. Second, the massive effort required to bury the ship would likely only have been undertaken for a king.”

7. Bengali author Toru Dutt’s A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876), a volume of English translations of French poems, _________ scholars’ understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. has enhanced

B. are enhancing

C. have enhanced

D. enhance

Answer; has enhanced

So, the complete sentence would be: “Bengali author Toru Dutt’s A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields (1876), a volume of English translations of French poems, has enhanced scholars’ understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.”

8. Hegra is an archaeological site in present-day Saudi Arabia and was the second largest city of the Nabataean Kingdom (fourth century BCE to first century CE). Archaeologist Laila Nehmé recently traveled to Where to study is ancient _______ into the rock outcrops of avast desert, these burial chambers seem to blend seamlessly with nature.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. tombs. Built

B. tombs, built

C. tombs and built

D. tombs built

Answer; B. tombs, built

So, the complete sentence would be: “Hegra is an archaeological site in present-day Saudi Arabia and was the second largest city of the Nabataean Kingdom (fourth century BCE to first century CE). Archaeologist Laila Nehmé recently traveled to Hegra to study its ancient tombs, built into the rock outcrops of a vast desert; these burial chambers seem to blend seamlessly with nature.”

9. The more diverse and wide ranging an animal’s behaviors, the larger and more energy demanding the animal’s brain tends to be. ______ from an evolutionary perspective, animals that perform only basic actions should allocate fewer resources to growing and maintaining brain tissue. The specialized subtypes of ants within colonies provide an opportunity to explore this hypothesis.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Subsequently,

B. Besides,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Thus,

Answer; D. Thus,

So, the complete text would be: “The more diverse and wide-ranging an animal’s behaviors, the larger and more energy-demanding the animal’s brain tends to be. Thus, from an evolutionary perspective, animals that perform only basic actions should allocate fewer resources to growing and maintaining brain tissue. The specialized subtypes of ants within colonies provide an opportunity to explore this hypothesis.”

10. When external forces are applied to common glass made from silicates, energy builds up around minuscule defects in the material, resulting in fractures. Recently, engineer Erkka Frank berg of Tampere University in Finland used the chemical ________ to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. compound, aluminum oxide

B. compound aluminum oxide,

C. compound, aluminum oxide,

D. compound aluminum oxide

Answer; A. compound, aluminum oxide,

So, the complete sentence would be: “Recently, engineer Erkka Frankberg of Tampere University in Finland used the chemical compound, aluminum oxide, to make a glassy solid that can withstand higher strain than silicate glass can before fracturing.”

Understand the following;

11. When a plant in Seattle, Washington was redesigned for more natural light, the company was able to enjoy annual electricity cost reductions of $500,000 each year.

Choose the answer to replace the underlined section that most effectively improves the quality of writing.

A. NO CHANGE

B. every year

C. per year

D. DELETE the underline portion and end the sentence with a period

Answer; B. every year

The most effective way to improve the quality of writing in this sentence is to use “every year.” So, the revised sentence would be: “When a plant in Seattle, Washington was redesigned for more natural light, the company was able to enjoy annual electricity cost reductions of $500,000 every year.”

12. The lion light system developed by Kenyan inventor Richard Turere, consists of LED lights installed around the perimeter of livestock pastures. Powered with _________ the blinking LEDs keep lions away at night, thus protecting the livestock without risking harm to the endangered lions.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? 

A. energy collected, by solar panels, during the day 

B. energy collected by solar panels during the day 

C. energy collected by solar panels during the day, 

D. energy collected by solar panels during the day,

Answer; B. energy collected by solar panels during the day 

13. Journalists have dubbed Gil Scott-Heron the “godfather,” a title that has appeared in hundreds of articles about him since the 1990s. Scott-Heron himself registered the godfather _______ feeling that it didn’t encapsulate his devotion to the broader African American blues music tradition as well as “bluesologists,” the moniker he preferred.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

A. nickname, however

B. nickname, however

C. nickname, however,

D. nickname; however,

Answer; D. nickname; however,

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