MIDTERM EXAM

1. According to APA Center for Workforce Studies (2015) and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2014), which proportion BEST approximates the percentage of psychologists who provide therapy.

one-quarter

one-third

one-half

three-quarters

Answers: one-half

2. Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying:

only mental processes.

only behavior.

mental disorders and their treatment.

behavior and mental processes.

Answers:behavior and mental processes.

3. MD is to PhD as ___________is to __________.

psychiatrist;clinical psychologist

clinical psychologist;psychiatrist

clinical psychologist;counseling psychologist

counseling psychologist;clinical psychologist

Answers: psychiatrist;clinical psychologist

4. The goals of psychology do NOT include:

explain

experiment

predict

control

Answer: experiment

5. The formal beginning of psychology is associated with:

James

Titchener

Descartes

Wundt

Answers: Wundt

6. At the heart of the humanistic perspective is the concept of:

free will

environmental determinism

natural selection

unconscious conflict

Answers: free will

7. An approach that attempts to explain behavior but is without empirical support is labeled a:

parapsychology

pop psychology

psuedopsychology

critical psychology

Answers: pseudo psychology.

8. What is the relationship among psychology, pseudopsychology , and critical thinking?

Critical thinking is important in pseudopsychology but absent from psychology.

Critical thinking is important in psychology but absent from psuedopsychology.

Critical thinking is important in both psychology and pseudopsychology.

Psychology, pseudopsychology, and critical thinking are three different ways of understanding behavior.

Answers:Critical thinking is important in psychology but absent from psuedopsychology.

9. The process psychologists use to conduct research is called:

critical thinking.

informed speculation.

the scientific method.

educated guessing.

Answers: the scientific method.

10. Dr. O’Connor is telling his participants before he begins the experiment that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can stop taking part at any time. Dr. O’Connor is:

debriefing his participants.

providing peer review.

performing random assignment.

obtaining informed consent.

Answers: obtaining informed consent.

11. Which descriptive research technique is CORRECTLY matched with a key advantage?

survey-allows data to be collected rapidly

case study-permits examination of relationships among variables

naturalistic observation

correlational method-examines behavior in its natural environment

Answers: case study-permits examination of relationships among variables

12. Natualistic observation entails:

the systematic, detailed study of a single individual

asking a sample of individuals a set of questions

the manipulation of an independent variable

examining behavior in the setting in which it typically occurs.

Answers: examining behavior in the setting in which it typically occurs.

13. Sigmund Freud based much of his theory on intensive analyses of individual patients. The psychoanalytic perspective, therefore, is built on a foundation of:

surveys

observational work

case studies

experiments

Answers: case studies

14. Irving has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink, the more aggressive they seem to be. Which research method would be aimed at verifying the relationship between these two variables?

naturalistic observation

case study

correlational research

experimental method

Answers: experimental method

15. Of all the research designs, only ____________can tell us about cause and effect.

naturalistic observation

surveys

experimental method

correlational method

Answers: experimental method

16. In an experiment, the process of random_________ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group.

assignment

selection

sampling

placement

Answers: assignment

17. A pharmaceutical company wishes to test the efficacy of a new antidepressant using a double-blind study. Which alternative CORRECTLY describes the procedure the company would use?

The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient wuld also know which typeof pill he or she was taking.

The research assistants would know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, thought, would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Each patient, though, would know which type of pill he or she was taking.

The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

Answers: The research assistants would not know which participants were receiving the new drug and which were receiving an inert pill. Also, each patient would not know which type of pill he or she was taking.

18. The texbook states that “our knowlege of sexual behavior is often limited to self-reporting.” Self-report techniques are most commonly associated with _______________ research.

case study

survey

experimental

naturalistic observation

Answers:

19. Brooke is a girl. Her genetic sex is:

X.

Y.

XY.

XX.

Answers: XX.

20. Which statement is MOST accurate with respect to potential differences in verbal ability between boys and girls in their childhood?

There is a small difference favoring girls.

There is a large difference favoring boys.

There is a large difference favoring girls

There is a small difference favoring boys.

Answers: There is a small difference favoring girls.

21. The term gender____________refers to the feeling or sense of being either male or female.

role

identity

schema

type

Answers: identity

22. A(n) individual has ambiguous or inconsistent indicators of male or female in the sexual structure of organs.

homosexual

intersexual

transsexual

transgender

Answers: intersexual

23. According to the American Psychological Association, people whose gender expression and identity do not typically match their natal gender are called:

transgender

transsexual

homosexual

intersex

Answers: transgender

24. Which choice BEST describes the method used in Masters and Johnson’s pioneering sexual response cycle research?

case study

survey research

naturalistic observation

laboratory research

Answers: laboratory research

25. Which sequence CORRECTLY orders the phases of the human sexual response cycle from first to last?

excitement>plateau>resolution >orgasm

excitement>plateau>orgasm>resolution

plateau>excitement>orgasm>resolution

plateau>resolution>excitement>orgasm

Answers: excitement>plateau>orgasm>resolution

26. Gender-role stereotypes begin to take hold around age of ______years.

6

5

3

1

Answers: 3

27. Which phase of the sexual response cycle is CORRECTLY described?

plateau-a gratifying series of rapid muscular contractions

orgasm-the body returns to a relaxed state.

resolution – a short phase in which muscles contnue to tense, breathing and heart rate increase, and blood fills the genitals.

excitement – physical changes start becoming evident.

Answers: excitement – physical changes start becoming evident.

28. An individual who does not feel sexually attracted to other people is:

asexual

transsexual

androgynous

bisexual

Answers: asexual

29. Research suggests that the likelihood that a boy will become a gay man is_______________________associated with the number of older brothers he has.

negatively

not

positively

weakly

Answers: positively

30. Jennifer rarely, if ever, initiates sexual activity. She finds little pleasure or excitement in sexual activity. Jennifer suffers from _________disorder.

hypoactive sexual desire

female orgasmic

female sexual interest/arousal

genito-pelvic pain/penetration

Answers: hypoactive sexual desire

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