1. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history? The traditional family:

A. is a phrase that, when correctly used, describes preindustrial families.

B. is the family arrangement that best defines America’s history.

C. was the dominant family for Americans of all races and classes until recently.

D. was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and in broader historical view, seems almost unusual.

Answer: was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and in broader historical view, seems almost unusual.

2. The Soron family consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children. A sociologist might see the Soron family as statistically interesting, because this family type represents about ________ of today’s U.S. families.

A. 50 percent

B. 33 percent

C. 23 percent

D. 6 percent

Answer:6 percent

3. Who of the following has argued that African American female-headed families are the outcome, rather than the cause, of racial oppression and poverty?

A. Karl Marx

B. Arlie Hochschild

C. W. E. B. Du Bois

D. Daniel Patrick Moynihan

Answer:W. E. B. Du Bois

4. In his book The Marriage-Go-Round: The State of Marriage and the Family in America Today (2009), sociologist Andrew Cherlin proposes that America’s “love-hate” relationship with marriage stems from the:

A. secularization of major American social institutions, including marriage.

B. fact that Americans are polyamorous by nature and have difficulty committing themselves to one person for a lifetime.

C. declining occupational status of men.

D. fact that Americans are individualistic and evaluate their marriages in personal terms.

Answer: fact that Americans are individualistic and evaluate their marriages in personal terms.

5. Amy and her husband Seamus both work. Outside working hours, Amy does most of the housework and Seamus serves on the local city council. Sarah Fenstermaker Berk, who studies family role formation, has called the family a:

A. “biological destiny.”

B. “pecking order.”

C. “cult of domesticity.”

D. “gender factory.”

Answer: “gender factory.”

6. It is difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the United States because:

A. Latinos are reluctant to share family information with sociologists.

B. their origins and geography are so diverse.

C. families are unimportant to Latinos.

D. there are fewer Latinos than other minority groups.

Answer:  of their diverse origins and geography

7. According to your textbook, the most frequent form of domestic violence is:

A. wife on husband.

B. parents on kids.

C. husband on wife.

D. sibling on sibling.

Answer: Sibling on sibling

8. Amy and Raymond live together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning. This arrangement is known by sociologists as:

A. cohabitation.

B. preindustrial family.

C. nuclear family.

D. extended family.

Answer:cohabitation.

9. Amy is a married woman with children. She and her partner Alan both work full-time jobs. When they come home, Amy makes dinner, cleans, and tends to the children for the evening. Alan helps with these things sometimes, but many days he rests after work. If Arlie Hochschild saw this household, she would say Amy is experiencing the:

A. “gender factory.”

B. “cult of domesticity.”

C. “second shift.”

D. “night shift.”

Answer: “second shift.”

10. Nani is a Zambian girl who needs advice regarding a friendship conflict. Following the norms of her culture, she is likely to seek advice from:

A. a book.

B. her pastor.

C. her mother.

D. her aunt.

Answer:her aunt.

11. In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as:

A. a second job that either spouse may take in order to help make ends meet.

B. the time one or both parents spend on child-rearing duties after getting home from work.

C. the domestic tasks that couples share in order to keep their households running smoothly.

D. the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work.

Answer:the domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work.

12. Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski (1913) examined the family structure of nontraditional cultures and settled a long-standing debate when he concluded that:

A. family is a universal human institution.

B. kinship forms of tribal societies are so diverse, they cannot be grouped together as “family.”

C. respect for cultural diversity requires understanding each culture on its own terms, so drawing cross-cultural conclusions about kinship is fruitless.

D some societies do not have families.

Answer:family is a universal human institution.

13. In much of the Western world, choice of a marriage partner is influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?

A. We tend to prefer people who do not resemble our parents’ social backgrounds.

B. People are often attracted to others who are opposite in these traits.

C. Marrying someone significantly different in age, race, social class, and religion is often met with disapproval from others.

D. Marriage outside one’s social group is forbidden by law in several Western nations.

Answer: Marrying someone significantly different in age, race, social class, and religion is often met with disapproval from others.

14. Which of the following was a motivation of the welfare reforms of 1996?

A. to provide unlimited aid to families with dependent children

B. to provide assistance to those who are “unemployable”

C. to combat conservative views of “welfare queens”

D. to promote self-sufficiency and personal responsibility

Answer: to promote self-sufficiency and personal responsibility

15. If Jerome won’t have a relationship with someone who lives in his dormitory, which he jokingly refers to as “dorm-cest,” he is practicing the rule known as:

A. exogamy.

B. cohabitation.

C. the principle of least interest.

D. endogamy.

Answer:exogamy.

16. In 2007, intimate partner violence accounted for more than 2,300 deaths. What percentage of these victims were male?

A. 5 percent

B. 0 percent

C. 70 percent

D. 30 percent

Answer:30 percent

17. Structural changes brought on by industrialization in the United States meant that families changed from “grapevine” forms to:

A. “roots.”

B. “petals.”

C. “weeds.”

D. “beanpoles.”

Answer: “beanpoles.”

18. In her native country of India, Malina’s family would have insisted that she marry someone of a similar ethnicity and social class. Her family has immigrated to the United States, and though her family disapproves, Malina marries a Hawaiian man she has fallen in love with. Her choice reflects her preference for the U.S. marriage rule of:

A. exogamy.

B. polygamy.

C. nuclear families.

D. endogamy.

Answer: exogamy.

19. Journalist Barbara Ehrenreich traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to “get by” working low-wage jobs. Which of the following is true about her experiences?

A. She was surprised at how easy her work was and was stressed when she returned to her old lifestyle.

B. Even with only herself to support and juggling two or more jobs, she could not afford to live off her wages.

C. She felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to “get by.”

D. She worked hard and did so well at her low-wage job that she was quickly promoted to a higher-paying job.

Answer:She felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to “get by.”

20. Which of the following factors contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family (male breadwinner and female homemaker) in post–World War II America?

A. an increase in real wages

B. the creation of the public and private spheres

C. all family members working together to accomplish family tasks

D. higher education levels

Answer: an increase in real wages

21. It is commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the United States have been:

A. decreasing since an all-time high in the 1970s.

B. steadily rising since the nineteenth century.

C. holding steady.

D. at a relatively constant level since 1900.

Answer:steadily rising since the nineteenth century.

22. About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the United States?

A. 10 years

B. 2 years

C. more than 15 years

D. 5 years

Answer:5 years

23. According to research in Dalton Conley’s The Pecking Order (2004), how does the average income of daughters raised by stay-at-home mothers compare to that of daughters of working moms? The daughters of stay-at-home mothers are:

A. more likely to earn a salary-based income.

B. less likely to earn a salary-based income.

C. likely to earn more than their brothers.

D. less likely to earn as much as their brothers.

Answer:. less likely to earn as much as their brothers.

24. According to Ruth Schwartz Cowan’s 1983 research, time-saving devices like the vacuum cleaner and washing machine have actually increased the amount of time women spend on housework. What explanation is given for her finding?

A. These devices just take longer than a human being to get the job done.

B. These devices break so frequently that time gets wasted on repairs.

C. Ease of use and availability have led to women cleaning more frequently.

D. Standards of cleanliness have also risen, so even more cleaning is expected.

Answer:Standards of cleanliness have also risen, so even more cleaning is expected.

25. A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the United States was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, after feminist groups lobbied the U.S. government, what happened?

A. Only the deceased’s economic status at the time of death was measured to determine the family’s amount of compensation.

B. Only the deceased’s future earnings were measured to determine the family’s amount of compensation.

C. Neither the deceased’s future earnings nor his or her estimated contributions to the family’s unpaid household work were measured to determine the family’s amount of compensation.

D. Both the deceased’s future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family’s unpaid household work were measured to determine the family’s amount of compensation.

Answer:Both the deceased’s future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family’s unpaid household work were measured to determine the family’s amount of compensation.

26. Which 1996 legislation led to national welfare reform during the Clinton administration?

A. the Americans with Disabilities Act

B. the Violence Against Women Act

C. the Civil Rights Act

D. the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

Answer: the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act

27. Which of the following characterized the preindustrial family?

A. There were distinct differences between public and private spheres.

B. Husbands and wives were partners in both homemaking and economic labor.

C. Divisions between men’s work and women’s work were strict and reinforced by religion.

D. The nuclear family was isolated from extended kin.

Answer:Husbands and wives were partners in both homemaking and economic labor.

28. Black and poor women in the United States have come to rely on which of the following in order to manage child care and work responsibilities?

A. their immediate families

B. the day care institutions in their places of employment

C. government-sponsored day care programs

D. their extrafamilial female networks

Answer: their extrafamilial female networks

29. Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

A. living in a region where racial attitudes are more tolerant

B. facing ostracism from within one’s community

C. having parents and close friends who support racial intermarrying

D. having opportunities to interact with members of other racial/ethnic groups

Answer: facing ostracism from within one’s community

30. Though she has a husband, children, and adequate income, a housewife feels lost, aimless, and sad. She doesn’t have a name for what she feels. If you were to interpret the housewife’s experience through Betty Friedan’s framework, you’d say the housewife is experiencing the:

A. second shift.

B. feminist bind.

C. feminine mystique.

D. public-private divide.

Answer:feminist bind.

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